Express Quantity in English for Beginning Speakers

There are many phrases used to express quantities and amounts in English. In general, much and many are the  standard quantifiers  used to express  large quantities. Which expression you use will often depend on whether the noun is countable or uncountable, and whether the sentence is negative or positive. While much and many are among the most common, the following expressions are often used in place of much and many, especially in positive sentences: A lot ofLots ofPlenty ofA great deal ofA large number of These expressions can are combined with of in the sense of most, many, or much. A lot of people enjoy listening to jazz. A great deal of time is spent understanding these issues. But note that much, most, and many do not take of. Most people enjoy listening to some type of music. Not: Most of  people... Much time is spent understanding math. Not: Much of time is spent ... Much Much is used with uncountable nouns: There is much interest in learning English around the world. How much money do you have? There isnt much butter left in the refrigerator. Much is used in negative sentences and questions, too: How much money do you have? There isnt much rice left. Note that much is rarely used in the positive form. English speakers generally use a lot of or lots of  with uncountable  nouns. We have a lot of time. Not: We have much time. There is a lot of wine in the bottle. Not: There is much wine in the bottle. Many Many is used with countable nouns: How many people came to the party? There arent many apples on the table. Note that many is used in the positive form, unlike much:   Andrew has a lot of friends / Andrew has many friends. A lot of my friends live in New York / Many of my friends live in New York. A Lot of / Lots of /  Plenty  Of A lot of and lots of can be used with both countable and uncountable nouns. A lot of and lots of are used in positive sentences: There is a lot of water in that jar. Hes got lots of friends in London. Note that generally speaking, lots of sounds less formal than a lot of.   A Little / A Few A little and a few  indicate a quantity or number. Use a little with uncountable nouns: There is a little wine in that bottle.   There is a little sugar in my coffee. Use a few with countable nouns. He has a few friends in New York. We bought a few sandwiches on our way to the park. Little / Few Little and few indicate a limited quantity. Use little with uncountable nouns: I have little money to spend. She found little time for work. Use few with countable nouns: He has few students in his class.   Jack finds few reasons to stay. Some Use some in positive sentences when there is neither a lot nor a little. Some can be used with both countable and uncountable nouns. We have some friends who work in Los Angeles.   Ive saved some money to spend on vacation this summer.   Any (Questions) Use any in questions to ask if someone has something. Any can be used with both countable and uncountable nouns: Do you have any friends in San Francisco? Is there any pasta left?   Note that when offering or requesting something use some instead of any  for polite questions. Would you like some shrimp? (offer) Would you lend me some money? (request) Any (Negative Sentences) Use any with countable and uncountable nouns in negative sentences to state that something doesnt exist. We wont have any time for shopping today. They didnt have any problems finding our house.   Enough Use enough  with countable and uncountable nouns to state that you are satisfied with the amount of something. She has enough time to visit her friends in Dallas. I think we have enough hamburgers for tomorrows grill.   Not Enough Use not enough when you are not satisfied with the amount of something. Im afraid theres not enough time to continue this conversation. There are not enough people working at the moment.   Each / Every Use each or every when referring to the individuals in a group. I think every person in this room would agree with me. Im sure each step of this process is important.   Large / Big / Vast / Huge Amount of Use these adjectives with amount of with uncountable and countable nouns to express large quantities. This form is often used to exaggerate just how much there is. There is a huge amount of work to be done to today. Tom has a vast amount of knowledge about the subject.   Tiny / Small / Minuscule Amount of   Use these similar adjectives with amount of to express very small quantities. This form is often used in exaggeration to express how little there is of something.   Peter has a small amount of patience, so dont joke around with him. There is a minuscule amount of time left to register. Hurry up!

Capital Punishment The Death Penalty - 2384 Words

Capital Punishment Capital punishment, also referred to as the death penalty, is the utmost form of punishment in the United States. It is the method of punishment by execution legally given to a criminal convicted of a crime. Capital punishment originated from many early societies, it is only imposed on people who have committed very serious crimes, and only five different execution types are currently used in the United States. The death penalty has been around for a while. The first death penalty laws date back to the eighteenth century with the Code of Hammurabi. In the Code of Hammurabi, there were up to twenty-five different crimes people could have been executed for (10). Surprisingly, people living during that time would not†¦show more content†¦By the seventh century there were over two hundred crimes that people could have been executed for, which included cutting down a tree, robbing a rabbit warren, and stealing (10). The United States got its use of the death pe nalty from Britain (16). When the Europeans came to the United States, they brought the practice of capital punishment with them (16). In 1602, Captain George Kendall was the first person executed in the United States in the Jamestown Colony of Virginia because he was caught spying for Spain (16). In 1612, the governor of Virginia, Sir Thomas Dale, passed the Moral and Martial laws, which stated that the death penalty could be given to anyone found stealing grapes, killing chickens, or trading goods with the Indians (16). Colonies in New York, Massachusetts, and North Carolina also used the death penalty. In 1655, a colony in New York put the Duke’s Laws into place (19). These laws made it legal for colonist to be executed for not believing in God, kidnapping, conspiracy, and disobeying their king or ruler (19). During the eighteenth century, Massachusetts only recognized seven crimes that could punishable by death (19). These crimes included sodomy, buggery, murder, burglary , rape, arson, and treason (19). Colonist in North Carolina could have been executed for hiding a slave with the intention of letting him go free, stealing bank notes, bestiality, and

A Case Study on Lululemon Athletica

Question: Discuss about theCase Study on Lululemon Athletica. Answer: Introduction Lululemon Athletica is a Canadian company dealing with athletic apparels. Dennis Chip Wilson founded the company in the year 1998. The company opened its first store in the year 2000 in Kitsilano, in Vancover, Canada. The company gained an edge for itself as it sold yoga apparels exclusively. This essay tries to explore the workings of the famous company, Lululemon athletica. It critically evaluates the competitive environment of the company and tries o find out whether or not the company has a sustainable competitive advantage over its competitors. It moves on to a detailed analysis of the internal working of the company. It discusses the capabilities and the core competencies of the company . It also tries to find out and analyze any weakness that can affect the ability of the company to compete in the future. The write up finds out the trends and conditions in the external environment that directly influences the strategic actions of the firm. It also mentions the ways through whi ch the company should change its strategic direction. It then moves onto discussing the advantages and the risks of the business strategy of Lululemon Athletica. The write up discusses the challenges that the company is likely to face if it aims for a global expansion and the solutions to those challenges. Lululemon athletica is a company specializing in yoga apparels. The company started off as a combination of a yoga studio and a clothing store. It has about 133 stores in Canada and the United States and has over 211 stores worldwide. It specializes in athletic and yoga apparels. Despite the presence of giant competitors in the market like Nike, Adidas, VF Corp and Under Armour, Lululemon continues to enjoy a niche market for itself. It sells customized product to a market, which has a demand for the exact products that the company manufactures (Lavrence and Lozanski 2014). The big competitors of Lululemon athletica enjoy a worldwide popularity. Brands like Nike and Adidas are famous all over the world. These companies dealing with sports and athletics apparels and footwear enjoy a worldwide popularity. Nike began its operation in the year 1964. Bill Bowerman and Phil Knight founded the company. A US based company, Nike started as a distributor of footwear later on turning into a glo bal marketer of athletic footwear, equipment and apparel. The company now operates in more than 160 countries. One of the biggest competitors of Lululemon athletica is Nike. Nike garnered $20.8 billion in revenues in the financial year 2011 (Karakowsky and Guriel 2015). For that year, the income before taxes was $2.8 billion dollars. However, when it comes to the matter of debt, it can be observed that Lululemon has no debts whereas Nike has a debt of approximately around $0.5 billion. On the other hand, it can be seen that Nike has a substantial capacity to enjoy investment in new ventures and markets (MoranSendra et al. 2015). This is not seen in the case of the Canadian company. Adidas is another company that serves as a competitor to Lululemon. Adidas is one of the leading companies of the world dealing with athletic goods and apparels. The company attained a better position in the world market when it acquired Reebok International Limited with a footprint of around $11.8 billio n. It can be seen that during the year 2012, the market capitalization of Adidas was $16.39 billion whereas the market capitalization of the Canadian company was $10.58 billion. It can be easily observed that the company enjoys a worldwide popularity whereas, same is not the case with Lululemon (Sousa 2016). The product range of Adidas is far wider than that of the Canadian company. The company is characterized by a strong financial and operational performance. The quarterly revenue growth of the company was only 11.3 % as compared to Lululemon with a quarterly revenue growth of about 51.4%. Under Armour is an American company founded in the year 1996. The balance sheet of the company is strong and it has around $175 million in cash. The company essentially deals with the sale of sports clothing and accessories. It holds a debt of approximately $78 million. Therefore, it can be observed that when compared with three of its competitors, it can be seen that net income of the Canadian company, Lululemon athletica is $184.06 million whereas Nike stands at the top with $2.27 billion, then comes Adidas with $887.06 million followed by Lululemon, ending with Under Armour with $96.34 million (de Heer and Tandoh-Offin 2015). Lululemon athletica is a company that can easily get lost in the crowd of big companies like Nike and Adidas. However, it holds its ground by catering to a niche market. All across the globe, there can be seen and observed an increase of consciousness in regards to health and fitness. People all across the world have now become increasingly aware and conscious. They want to be fit and healthy which means that there is a rise in the sale of athletics and sports apparels and goods (Li et al. 2015). Among all other forms of exercising, practicing yoga remains on top as it provides a holistic approach to fitness. With the rise of health conscious professional individuals, the rise of the sale of health and athletic products is also evident. Therefore, it can be deduced that Lululemon athletica has a sustainable source of competitive advantage. The company exclusively deals with yoga apparels and it caters to the consumers in Canada and the United States of America, which makes it an exclusive company catering to consumers in those two countries only. The company has an internal environment that is extremely interesting and thus can be a good subject for analysis. The company, lululemon athletica, considers its customers as guests, showering them with attention and tending to all their shopping needs while at the store. The employees are known as educators, who are strategically positioned to encourage and ensure personal connection with each of the guests. The employees go through an intensive training session at the beginning of their service so that the employees can enlighten the customers about the innovative and technical aspects of the design of the product (Chircu, Resnick and Saraswat 2015). The employees are encouraged by the company to pursue a fitness regimen and a fit lifestyle in order to create and maintain a n image, which will help to push the sale further. In terms of revenue generation, the company continues to create a cash flow, which allows future investment, helps to add to the profit and keeps the company free of debt. The brand invests in grassroots marketing, involves the customers in a loyal relationship and tries to maintain the balance and equation (Tushman, Lakhani and Lifshitz-Assaf 2012). The company has synonymized their name with the lifestyle of the targeted segment of the market. The company aims to achieve a relation with the customers that goes beyond the selling and purchasing of the goods and items. They sell an idealized healthy lifestyle to the consumers by building a network of yoga and fitness instructors, hosting and sponsoring sporting events. The core competencies of the company lie in the packaging and look of the products. The products enhance the fitness appearance of the customers which encourages and further motivates them to achieve a healthier lifes tyle. The better fit encourages the customers to pay a little higher amount. Lululemon manufactures garments that has an innovative moisture-wicking facility, provides a four-way stretch that helps the consumers to achieve maximum flexibility during exercising; the products also provide maximum support and coverage. Though many companies have tried to compete and imitate the structure and design of the products manufactured by lululemon, they were not able to achieve the same quality of product (Gosman 2014). The company has a few weaknesses, which might affect the ability to compete in the future. The main weakness of the company is the high price which can prove to be a hindrance in the future. With all the big competitors like Nike and Adidas, which have a strong international presence, lululemon faces a major threat of losing out the customer base to all these big brands. Another weakness of the company is that it focuses its attention only on apparels for yoga. Competitors like Nike and Adidas, brings a wide range of apparels for different kinds of sports. The company just deals with yoga apparels for women, which makes it limited in terms of scope. This means that it misses the market for apparel for men. The company is now struggling to expand into apparels for men. One of the main weaknesses of the company is that it invests a lot of capital in the research and development of the products, which makes it all the more expensive than the products of its competitors. Since the compan y is based out of Canada, it has not yet explored the global markets which means the company is losing out a varied range of markets to invest in and to explore (Larcker, Laecker and Tayan 2014). The trends and conditions in the external environment have a direct impact on the strategic actions of the firm. The strategic actions of lululemon athletica, like any other company, are dependent on a range of external factors. The trends and conditions of the external environment dictate the strategic actions of the company. The trend in the market scenario in the health and fitness sphere indicates that there is a rise of consciousness amongst the consumers, which points out that the company has a scope for steady growth. The health conscious population of the world is trying to achieve a holistic and healthy lifestyle. The strategic actions of lululemon athletica thus should be mapped out in such a way so that it caters to all sectors of the population who want to achieve a healthy body and embrace a healthy lifestyle (Pride 2013). The company should come up with a line of yoga apparel for men, as everybody, irrespective of gender, desires a healthy lifestyle. Since the company d eals with apparels manufactured exclusively for the practice of yoga, it misses out on the market that has a demand for apparels for other exercises as well. The company is branded under the apparel and accessory industry. This industry mainly consists of companies that manufacture clothes for men, women and children. There is an existing rivalry between the outdoor and athletic industry (Carmen and Chi 2015). Lululemon Athletica, like any other company, has now adopted a strategy that encourages a new growth and development of the company. The company has now started a line of apparels for dance, named ivivva athletica. This step means that the company is now open to diversifying the range of its products. The advantages of the business strategy adopted by the company are that it has developed superior quality products and has developed strong branding that is community centric (Gabler and Reynolds 2013). One of the main advantages of lululemon athletica is that it has a legion of loyal customers who have an undying loyalty towards the brand. The company has a position as a lifestyle brand that is unmatched. The company stands at a point where there is a strong presence of risks. One of the risks that the company deals with is facing strong contenders in the market and the risk of fluctuating economic conditions that might influence the spending capability of the consumers (Thomas 2015). The company has the risk of getting drowned in the sea of popular brands like Nike and Adidas. Another risk that the company faces is rejection from the consumers. As the company expands and grows internationally, it comes face to face with a lot of challenges. Facing the big competitors in the world market is one of the biggest challenges of lululemon athletica. Brands like Nike and Adidas have a strong presence in the international scene. Therefore, establishing a strong customer base in the international market is a huge challenge for the company. As a result, the company can follow few recommendations in order to minimize any risk that might come its way and maximize the profit. Before expansion, the company should be well aware about the market it is investing in. The company should try to find out the areas of demand in the market and try to capture the area and develop the products to suit the taste of the consumers in the local market base (Karakowsky and Guriel 2015). References: Carmen, J.D. and Chi, T., 2015. Apparel reshoring movement: a case study of a made-in-USA business model. Chircu, A.M., Resnick, M. and Saraswat, S.P., 2015. Online Intermediaries and Supply Chains.The International Encyclopedia of Digital Communication and Society. de Heer, F. and Tandoh-Offin, P., 2015. Exploring the Benefits of Branding Universities: A Developing Country Perspective.IUP Journal of Brand Management,12(4), p.58. Gabler, C.B. and Reynolds, K.E., 2013. Buy now or buy later: the effects of scarcity and discounts on purchase decisions.Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice,21(4), pp.441-456. Gosman, M.L., 2014. Increasing Student Appreciation of A Liability That's Liable To Be Good and Insightful.Business Education Innovation Journal,6(2). Karakowsky, L. and Guriel, N., 2015.The Context of Business: Understanding the Canadian Business Environment. Karakowsky, L. and Guriel, N., 2015.The Context of Business: Understanding the Canadian Business Environment. Larcker, D.F., Larcker, S.M. and Tayan, B., 2014. Lululemon: A Sheer Debacle in Risk Management. Lavrence, C. and Lozanski, K., 2014. This Is Not Your Practice Life: lululemon and the Neoliberal Governance of Self.Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue canadienne de sociologie,51(1), pp.76-94. Li, J., Wong, J.Y., Leung, P.W.Y., Yip, W.T. and Tian, X., 2015. Case Synopsis for. MoranSendra, M., Nilmeier, T., Liem, T. and Perkowski, T., 2015. Nike Inc. Pride, W.M., 2013.Marketing 2014. Cengage Learning. Sousa, S., 2016.Lust For Lulu: An Examination of Lululemon Athleticas Marketing Authenticity and Branding(Doctoral dissertation, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo). Thomas, M., 2015. Silence: the golden strategy?.Strategic Direction,31(1), pp.1-2. Tushman, M., Lakhani, K.R. and Lifshitz-Assaf, H., 2012. Open innovation and organization design.

The Effects of Music Therapy on Mentally Handicapp Essay Example For Students

The Effects of Music Therapy on Mentally Handicapp Essay ed PeopleThe Effects of Music Therapy on Mentally Handicapped PeopleMusic therapy is a controversial but effective form of rehabilitation on mentally handicapped people. A great amount of research has been completed on this subject. It has been proven that our brains respond to music as if it were medicine. Music therapy is not a commonly used health care, but recent studies have suggested it can have a wide range of benefits. Music therapy is the prescribed use of music and related strategies, by a qualified therapist, to assist or motivate a person towards specific, non-musical goals. This process is used in order to restore, maintain, and improve emotional, physical, physiological, and spiritual health and well being. At the heart of music therapy is vibration. This is backed up by modern physics, which has taught us that all matter is in a constant state of vibration. Everything has a unique frequency. Illness occurs when some sort of dysfunctional vibration intrudes on the norma l one. Sound can be used to change these intruders back to normal, healthy vibrations, which restores health. Although music therapy is a fairly new method of health care, it dates back thousands of years. The use of sound and music is the most ancient healing modality. It was practiced in the ancient mystery schools of Egypt, India, and Rome for many thousands of years. In the Iliad, Apollo, the mythical god of music and medicine, stopped a plague because he was so pleased with the sacred hymns sung by Greek youths. Pythagoras, who discovered that all music could be expressed in numbers and mathematical formulas, founded a school that trained students to 2release worry, fear, anger, and sorrow through singing and playing musical instruments. Today, the power of music remains the same, but music is used much differently than it was in ancient times. Music therapy in the United States began in the late 18th century. The profession of it began to develop during World War II when music was used in Veterans Administration Hospitals, as an intervention to address traumatic war injuries. Veterans participated in music activities that focused on relieving pain perception. Many doctors and nurses could see the effect music had on their psychological and emotional state. Since then, colleges developed programs to train musicians how to use music for therapeutic purposes. In 1950 a professional organization was formed by a group of music therapists that worked with veterans, mentally retarded, and the hearing and visually impaired. This was the beginning of the National Association for Music Therapy (NAMT). In 1998, NAMT joined with another music therapy organization to become what is now known as the American Music Therapy Association (AMTA). AMTAs mission is To advance public awareness of the benefits of music therapy and increase access to quality music therapy services in a rapidly changing world. Music therapy helps people in a crisis and assists those who may be d ealing with issues of everyday living. The nature of music therapy encourages the development of positive self-esteem. Even though not everyone is supposed to be a musician, music therapy can be a way to explore the human need for self-expression and creativity. Through improvisation and song writing, it can 3help to identify and resolve conflicts slowing down the emotional and personal growth. It can also assist in the rehabilitation of people with speech difficulties and facilitate learning, which provided opportunities for meaningful communication. Music therapy is a process which builds relationships. Because almost everyone responds to music at some level, it can be used to develop a trust relationship with the therapist and with other people. There are many accomplishments that music therapy can make. It can manage pain, increase body movement, lower blood pressure, ease depression, and enhance concentration and creativity. These are just some of the few characteristics. It ha s been used in many other processes also. It is important to be aware that while people may develop musical skills during treatment, these skills are not the main concern of the therapist. Rather it is the affect the musical development will have on the persons physical and psychological functioning. You can find music therapists working with a wide variety of people. Some include the mentally ill, the physically handicapped, those who have been abused, the elderly, the terminally ill, and people with learning disabilities. Because traditional therapeutic remedies rely on language, their effectiveness depends on the persons ability to verbally interact with the therapist. The language of music is available to everyone regardless of age, disability, or cultural background. .ue69e396d200a0aa0258a8ded84b881ab , .ue69e396d200a0aa0258a8ded84b881ab .postImageUrl , .ue69e396d200a0aa0258a8ded84b881ab .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue69e396d200a0aa0258a8ded84b881ab , .ue69e396d200a0aa0258a8ded84b881ab:hover , .ue69e396d200a0aa0258a8ded84b881ab:visited , .ue69e396d200a0aa0258a8ded84b881ab:active { border:0!important; } .ue69e396d200a0aa0258a8ded84b881ab .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue69e396d200a0aa0258a8ded84b881ab { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue69e396d200a0aa0258a8ded84b881ab:active , .ue69e396d200a0aa0258a8ded84b881ab:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue69e396d200a0aa0258a8ded84b881ab .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue69e396d200a0aa0258a8ded84b881ab .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue69e396d200a0aa0258a8ded84b881ab .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue69e396d200a0aa0258a8ded84b881ab .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue69e396d200a0aa0258a8ded84b881ab:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue69e396d200a0aa0258a8ded84b881ab .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue69e396d200a0aa0258a8ded84b881ab .ue69e396d200a0aa0258a8ded84b881ab-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue69e396d200a0aa0258a8ded84b881ab:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Sociological Imagination Essay We will write a custom essay on The Effects of Music Therapy on Mentally Handicapp specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Studies have been made on the effects of chanting mantras on human physiology. It has been discovered that by repeating a single word, measurable changes are produced in energy consumption, respiration rate, heartbeat, pulse, and metabolic rate. Studies have further demonstrated that through meditation and relaxation, its possible to improve immune function 4and alleviate and prevent heart disease, stroke, and many other chronic health problems. The mentally ill are the people that are the most common clients of music therapy. These are people with behavior disorders and emotional disturbance. For these people, music improves self-esteem, reduces stress, develops leisure activities, and improves control over motor skills. Learning disabled individuals are another popular group of people for which music therapy is used. This group is explained as having a disorder that affects one or more psychological process involved in understanding or using language. Such disorders may affect an i ndividuals ability to think, listen, speak, read, or write. The need for individualized instruction, repetition, and face to face interaction is necessary for improvement. To become a qualified music therapist you must have an undergraduate and/or graduate degree in music therapy from university programs approved by the AMTA. You follow your degree with six months of full-time supervised clinical training. You must then be board-certified by the certification Board for Music Therapy and take a national exam. You maintain your status through continuing education and retesting. Members of the clients treatment team prescribe music therapy. Members can include doctors, social workers, psychologists, teachers, caseworkers, and parents. Music therapists use their training as musicians, clinicians, and researchers to effect changes in physical communication, social skills, and emotional skills. They use musical experiences such as singing, playing instruments, moving, listening, composing , and improving self-awareness and growth. 5Musical interventions are developed and used by the therapist based on his or her knowledge of the musics effect on behavior, the clients strengths and weaknesses, and the therapeutic goals. Music therapists choose from a large amount of music activities and interventions. For example, the therapist and client might compose songs for the purpose of expression of feelings; one client might learn how to play the piano for the purpose of improving fine motor skills, while another client might use instruments to improvise unspoken emotions. Each client has to determine his or her own needs, strengths, and interests. Sessions are then designed to meet the specific needs of each client. Progress is evaluated in consultation with the client or the family of the client. This helps to maximize the emotional, physical and cognitive potential of each client. The sessions include a variety of musical experiences. For example, a person who is terminally ill might benefit from song writing to express inner feeling. A troubled adolescent might benefit from listening and discussing the lyrics. Improvisation might be the preferred activity for a person with autism while learning to play a simple instrument could enhance the self-esteem of a mentally retarded adult. For a geriatric client, a music therapist might use familiar songs to reveal past memories, and for a child with Downs Syndrome, singing might be used to improve auditory discrimination. These are only a few examples of music therapy techniques. The possibilities are endless and are focused on the responses of the client and the creativity of the therapist. 6Back in the 1960s, a physician was called to investigate a strange disease that had taken over a monastery of Benedictine monks in the south of France. Out of the blue, the brothers had become tired and depressed. Once other medical authorities had ruled out physical causes, the physician began to search for changes in their diet or work conditions but discovered none. After a long discussion with the monks, he learned that before they became sick, the monks used to gather eight or nine times a day and chant for 10 to 20 minutes. But thanks to the reforms of Vatican II, their daily chanting had been reduced by several hours a day. It dawned on the physician that the physiological benefits of their chanting, slowing down their breathing and lowering their blood pressure, were the cause of the monks tiredness. His solution was restoring their habit of chants. The effects were dramatic. Within six months, the monks were back to their old vigorous and healthy selves. .uac460a2d571f6b8d8096bbc27e4f3dce , .uac460a2d571f6b8d8096bbc27e4f3dce .postImageUrl , .uac460a2d571f6b8d8096bbc27e4f3dce .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uac460a2d571f6b8d8096bbc27e4f3dce , .uac460a2d571f6b8d8096bbc27e4f3dce:hover , .uac460a2d571f6b8d8096bbc27e4f3dce:visited , .uac460a2d571f6b8d8096bbc27e4f3dce:active { border:0!important; } .uac460a2d571f6b8d8096bbc27e4f3dce .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uac460a2d571f6b8d8096bbc27e4f3dce { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uac460a2d571f6b8d8096bbc27e4f3dce:active , .uac460a2d571f6b8d8096bbc27e4f3dce:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uac460a2d571f6b8d8096bbc27e4f3dce .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uac460a2d571f6b8d8096bbc27e4f3dce .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uac460a2d571f6b8d8096bbc27e4f3dce .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uac460a2d571f6b8d8096bbc27e4f3dce .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uac460a2d571f6b8d8096bbc27e4f3dce:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uac460a2d571f6b8d8096bbc27e4f3dce .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uac460a2d571f6b8d8096bbc27e4f3dce .uac460a2d571f6b8d8096bbc27e4f3dce-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uac460a2d571f6b8d8096bbc27e4f3dce:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Going EssayA sixty-year-old physician, Pete, was driving to work when he recognized the symptoms of a stroke. He pulled into a gas station, leaned on his horn and asked the attendant to call an ambulance to take him to a hospital. The only movement he had was his eyelids, and his only means of communication was blinking once for yes, twice for no. A few weeks later, Petes wife called in a guy who was a composer, music researcher, teacher, and healer. He suggested they play as much Mozart as possible in the household. For the next few weeks the healer would come to the house and sit at the side of Petes bed and tap syllables of words into Petes hand in a rhythmic like beat. This is called an integrated auditory 7pattern, which enabled Pete to begin to reconnect with the outside world. Three years after participating in Petes rehabilitation, the healer learned that he had a potentially fatal blood clot in an artery just below his brain. The healer, who had spent ten years investigating the effects of sound on the body, knew much about therapeutic uses of music. The men decided to wait a while to see any changes before any surgery would take place. They simply hummed, fearful that a more powerful sound might bring on a stroke. He did this for three weeks, and while humming he meditated on healing images. When he went back for his second brain scan, the results showed that the blood clot had shrunk incredibly from its original size and Pete was said to be out of danger. In 1996, researchers tried giving ten stroke victims thirty minutes of rhythmic stimulation each day for three weeks. Compared with untreated patients, they showed significant improvements in their ability to walk steadily. Moods rose and depression fell for twenty women and men who listened to familiar music they selected while practicing various stress-reduction techniques. Classical and New Age music helped twenty-four of twenty-five people with sleeping problems get to sleep faster, sleep for longer periods of time, and get back to sleep more easily after waking in the middle of the night. The best kind of music for sleep deprivation is songs with slow movements from classical music of all periods. Don Campbell, a music therapist, offers some simple exercises you can try on your own. 8If youre tired and need some sonic caffeine, hum a long e sound for three minutes. For a relaxation make a long o or ah sound. Most of us even practice our own version of music therapy instinctively. A mother naturally sings to soothe her baby. When were depressed, we play or make our favorite music, either to lift us out of our gloom, or to intensify it, and when were happy we play joyous music to liven the mood even more. The following suggestions are more experiments to try on your own. Raise your sound awareness by noticing the sounds around you in everyday life. This enhances your communication skills by improving your listening skills. Play your favorite music when you do housework. Not only will it distract you, but it will also motivate you and create pleasant feelings for that activity. When youre angry or frustrated, play an energetic piece of music. Move your body for five to seven minutes, letting the music release your emotions. Then your mind can look at the situation with a brighter outlook. If you want a deep relaxation but have problems with formal meditation, sit somewhere quiet, hum or chant different vowel sounds and direct them to various parts of your body. When we create and focus on sound, we begin to stop the constant thoughts in our minds, which is the first step to deep relaxation. Even though you have inquired all this information, you might still be wondering how such simple things like music and rhythm could work all this magic. Well, no one really knows. It is a mystery. But researchers have known for a long time that listening to music can directly influence pulse, blood pressure, and the electrical activity of muscles. Neuroscientists now suspect that 9music can actually help build and strengthen connections among nerve cells. Although many people will not agree with or even believe all the wonderful acts that music can do, it can be a highly effective form of rehabilitation for anyone.